PMC:6582309 / 9841-11532 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"31249505-1759558-38601492","span":{"begin":291,"end":295},"obj":"1759558"},{"id":"31249505-22487856-38601493","span":{"begin":312,"end":316},"obj":"22487856"},{"id":"31249505-1656157-38601494","span":{"begin":570,"end":574},"obj":"1656157"},{"id":"31249505-19355852-38601495","span":{"begin":595,"end":599},"obj":"19355852"},{"id":"31249505-20875843-38601496","span":{"begin":616,"end":620},"obj":"20875843"},{"id":"31249505-20875843-38601497","span":{"begin":708,"end":712},"obj":"20875843"},{"id":"31249505-11689168-38601498","span":{"begin":1109,"end":1113},"obj":"11689168"},{"id":"31249505-20875843-38601499","span":{"begin":1130,"end":1134},"obj":"20875843"},{"id":"31249505-28360418-38601500","span":{"begin":1365,"end":1369},"obj":"28360418"}],"text":"The most prominent neuropathological signs of AD are accumulation of Aβ in a form of extracellular plaques in the brain parenchyma and also in the walls of blood vessels (cerebral amyloid angiopathy, CAA), and abnormally phosphorylated protein TAU that accumulates in NFTs (Braak and Braak, 1991; Nelson et al., 2012). These pathological features are believed to cause cognitive and behavioral changes. The amino acid sequence of APP and of the enzymes involved in the processing of Aβ peptides from APP, are highly homologous between humans and dogs (Johnstone et al., 1991; Sarasa and Pesini, 2009; Sarasa et al., 2010). Major canine APP isoforms are APP-770, APP-751, APP-714, and APP-695 (Sarasa et al., 2010). The alignment of the longest canine amyloid-beta precursor protein isoform (APP-770) sequence with protein sequence of human amyloid-beta precursor protein show 96.9% amino acid identity and 98.3% similarity (Figure 1A), making them almost identical. The expression patterns of canine APP isoforms are almost similar to the patterns previously detected for human APP isoforms (Yasojima et al., 2001; Sarasa et al., 2010). APP is a single-pass transmembrane protein with a large extracellular domain and a short cytoplasmic tail. The domain structure of APP-770 is shown in Figure 1B, the neuronal isoform APP-695 lacks the KPI domain (Müller et al., 2017). In contrary to APP, there is a difference in the TAU protein sequence between dogs and humans. Figure 1C shows the longest TAU isoform alignment between dog and human protein sequences with 84% similarity. Interestingly, the four microtubule-binding regions (4R) and the C-terminal regions (Figures 1C,D) are identical."}

{"project":"0_colil","denotations":[{"id":"31249505-1759558-736917","span":{"begin":291,"end":295},"obj":"1759558"},{"id":"31249505-22487856-736918","span":{"begin":312,"end":316},"obj":"22487856"},{"id":"31249505-1656157-736919","span":{"begin":570,"end":574},"obj":"1656157"},{"id":"31249505-19355852-736920","span":{"begin":595,"end":599},"obj":"19355852"},{"id":"31249505-20875843-736921","span":{"begin":616,"end":620},"obj":"20875843"},{"id":"31249505-20875843-736922","span":{"begin":708,"end":712},"obj":"20875843"},{"id":"31249505-11689168-736923","span":{"begin":1109,"end":1113},"obj":"11689168"},{"id":"31249505-20875843-736924","span":{"begin":1130,"end":1134},"obj":"20875843"},{"id":"31249505-28360418-736925","span":{"begin":1365,"end":1369},"obj":"28360418"}],"text":"The most prominent neuropathological signs of AD are accumulation of Aβ in a form of extracellular plaques in the brain parenchyma and also in the walls of blood vessels (cerebral amyloid angiopathy, CAA), and abnormally phosphorylated protein TAU that accumulates in NFTs (Braak and Braak, 1991; Nelson et al., 2012). These pathological features are believed to cause cognitive and behavioral changes. The amino acid sequence of APP and of the enzymes involved in the processing of Aβ peptides from APP, are highly homologous between humans and dogs (Johnstone et al., 1991; Sarasa and Pesini, 2009; Sarasa et al., 2010). Major canine APP isoforms are APP-770, APP-751, APP-714, and APP-695 (Sarasa et al., 2010). The alignment of the longest canine amyloid-beta precursor protein isoform (APP-770) sequence with protein sequence of human amyloid-beta precursor protein show 96.9% amino acid identity and 98.3% similarity (Figure 1A), making them almost identical. The expression patterns of canine APP isoforms are almost similar to the patterns previously detected for human APP isoforms (Yasojima et al., 2001; Sarasa et al., 2010). APP is a single-pass transmembrane protein with a large extracellular domain and a short cytoplasmic tail. The domain structure of APP-770 is shown in Figure 1B, the neuronal isoform APP-695 lacks the KPI domain (Müller et al., 2017). In contrary to APP, there is a difference in the TAU protein sequence between dogs and humans. Figure 1C shows the longest TAU isoform alignment between dog and human protein sequences with 84% similarity. Interestingly, the four microtubule-binding regions (4R) and the C-terminal regions (Figures 1C,D) are identical."}