Abnormality   CCD   AD
Cognitive decline  +  +
Brain atrophy  +  +
Neuronal damage and death  +  +
Aβ accumulation in brain parenchyma  +  +
Diffuse Aβ plaques  +  +
Dense-core Aβ plaques  −  +
Aβ accumulation in blood vessel walls (CAA)  +  +
Neurofibrillary tangles (NTFs) formation  −  +
Microglial dysfunction  +  +
Astrocyte dysfunction  +  +
Astroglial hypertrophy and hyperplasia  +  +
Oxidative brain damage  +  +
Mitochondrial dysfunction  +  +
Cholinergic dysfunction  +  +
Impaired neuronal glucose metabolism  +  +