Mendelian randomization implicated risk of T2D as a causal risk factor for ED with suggestive evidence for insulin resistance and systolic blood pressure, corroborating well-recognized observational associations with these cardiometabolic traits.22 Further research is needed to explore the extent to which drugs used in the treatment of T2D might be repurposed for the treatment of ED. Lack of evidence for a causal effect of BMI on ED risk in MR analysis (using multiple SNPs across the genome) suggests that the association of the lead SNP (rs57989773) with BMI arises from pleiotropy and that the association of this variant with ED risk is independent of its association with adiposity.