Mice
Mouse studies were carried out in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health under Animal study protocol numbers LCID 4E. The NIAID Animal Care and Use Committee (NIAID ACUC), a federally mandated committee, approved and oversaw all animal studies done under LCID4E and ensured that all work complied with the U.S. Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals, the Public Health Service (PHS) Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the Animal Welfare Act, and all applicable Animal Welfare Regulations. For all studies, murine-pathogen-free 8-week old naïve wild-type female mice were used. Mice were housed in a biosafety level 3 vivarium with 4-5 animals per cage. Animals were not subjected to water or food restrictions and monitored twice daily by veterinary staff for welfare and health with distressed animals as evidenced by signs of lethargy, weight loss or pain, euthanized according the ASP guidelines.