keff/min−1 t1/2/min Vd/mL/g CL/µL g−1 min−1 Ref # Notes
Slc substrates Rat unless stated otherwise
 p-Aminohippuric acid (PAH) 0.059 12 0.80 47 [558] Influx much slower than efflux
 p-Aminohippuric acid (PAH) 0.039 18 [559] Abl. Oat3 based on inhibitors, lum. Mrp4 possible based on kidney [560]
 p-Aminohippuric acid (PAH) 0.0175 40 [131]
 Penicillin G, benzylpenicillin 0.043 16 [559] Oat3 based on inhibitors
 Taurocholate 0.023 30 [561]
 BQ-123 0.0078 100 [561]
 Estrone sulfate 0.066 9.9 1.1 75 [562]
 Estrone 0.061 11 3.3 227 [562]
 Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) 0.027 26 118 [563] Influx much slower than efflux, Oatp2
 Estradiol-17beta-glucuronide (E217betaG) 0.037 19 [564] Oatp2, 40% and Oat3 20%
 Pravastatin 0.060 12 0.99 59 [565] Oat3 (Slc22a8) and Oatp2 (Slco1a4) + others
 Pitavastatin 0.026 27 14 364 [565] Oat3, Oatp2 (Slco1a4) +others +diffusion
 Homovanillic acid 0.017 40.8 [566] Oat3 from inhibitors
 Indoxyl sulfate 0.011 64 [567] Oat3 and others
 Pemetrexed 0.018 39 0.62 11 [568] Mouse. Oat3 and unknown (not Mrp2 not Bcrp)
 Methotrexate 0.024 29 0.85 20 [568] Oat3 and Bcrp suggested
 Buprenorphine 0.025 27.5 6.1 154 [569] Pgp and unknown, possibly diffusion
 AZT, (3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine) 0.032 22 [570] Oat3 from benzylpenicillin inhibition
 DDI, (2′,3′-dideoxyinosine) 0.253 2.8 [570] Oat3 from benzylpenicillin inhibition + diffusion
Markers for perivascular elimination
 Inulin 0.006 awake0.016 asleep 11543 0.2* 1.23.2 [128] Mouse
 Inulin 0.003 230 0.2* 0.6 [62] Mouse
 Inulin 0.005 135 0.2* 1 [131] Rat
 Mannitol 0.004 170 0.2* 0.8 [25] Mouse
 Sucrose 0.0028 awake0.0043 anesth. 245160 0.2* 0.560.86 [131] Rat
 Albumin 0.006 115 0.2* 1.2 [131] Rat
 Dextran-10K 0.0035 197 0.2* 0.7 [131] Rat
 Dextran-70K 0.004 170 0.2* 0.8 [131] Rat