Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells capable of self renewal and differentiation into several cell lines, including chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteoblasts (12, 13). Despite the fact that this type of stem cells isusually isolated from bone marrow (12), they can also be obtained from several neonatal and adult tissues, including dental pulp (14), umbilical cord (15), orbicularis oris muscle (16), and fat (17). In addition, some studies reported successful differentiation of pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells into mesenchymal-like cells (18, 19). The therapeutic properties of hMSCs have been attributed to the secretion of factors with paracrine effects (20). Notably, hMSCs have been shown to be capable of supporting the maturation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells, migrating to an area of tissue injury, recruiting tissue-specific progenitor cells (21) and regulating the immune response through the secretion immunomodulatory cytokines and microvesicles containing a variety of bioactive molecules such as enzymes, coding and non-coding RNAs and growth factors (22). Regarding their immunomodulatory potential, hMSCs, when exposed to a pro-inflammatory stimulus, secrete molecules that modulate both innate and adaptive responses (23). These molecules secreted acts, for instance, in the inhibition of thematuration of monocytes in antigen-presenting dendritic cells (24), by promoting a shift from M1 to M2 macrophages (25), by inhibiting the proliferation and activation of B and T lymphocytes (26) and by promoting the clonal expansion of regulatory T lymphocytes (27).