Autoimmune diseases result from defects in the mechanisms of immunological tolerance, culminating in the activation of cellular and humoral mechanisms of the immune response against self-antigens (1, 2). As a result, in autoimmune diseases, a failure occurs in the body's ability to differentiate cells from the body from foreign cells. These diseases may be restricted to a particular organ or be systemic (3). Examples of autoimmune diseases include type I diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. The mechanism and causes of the occurrence of autoimmune diseases are still not well-understood, however, it is believed that the origin of the majority of these diseases is multifactorial, in which both genetic and environmental factors are involved (4–6). Due to the possible occurrence of bone marrow toxicity, caused by the immunosuppressive regimen currently applied in the conventional treatment (7) of these diseases, the use of human mesenchymalstem cells (hMSCs) is being proposed as an alternative to treat these patients. For instance, a study conducted by Joly et al. (8) reported an increase in the mortality rate and the occurrence of severe adverse effects such as sepsis and diabetes mellitus requiring insulin in patients with extensive bullous pemphigoid treated with 1 mg of prednisone per kilogram per day, compared to patients treated with only topical corticosteroids. In addition, despite being effective in the treatment of pemphigus (9, 10), the combination of rituximab and prednisone is associated with the occurrence of many adverse events such as diabetes, endocrine disorders, myopathy and bone disorders, which complicates the treatment of this disease (10). Other autoimmune diseases, such as epidermolysis bullosa acquisita are notoriously difficult to treat by the conventional treatment, as demonstrated in a study conducted by Kim et al. (11). This emphasizes the need for the elaboration of alternative therapies. In this regard, the use of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) has been studied as an alternative for the treatment of immune-related diseases due their intrinsic immunomodulatory properties.