In this systematic review, the treatment of many types of immune-related diseases was conducted through the administration of hMSCs. Positive results were usually reported and attributed to the paracrine effects of molecules secreted by hMSCs on immune cells. However, while a significant amount of the studies selected were conducted in humans, in the majority of them, animal models of immune-related diseases were used. This emphasizes the need for the conduction of randomized clinical trials in which the potential of hMSCs for the treatment of relevant immune-related diseases. Immune-related diseases that are likely to be treated by hMSCs administration in the future include GvHD, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis and type I diabetes mellitus. Other diseases such as hemophagocitic syndrome, neuromyelitis optica, celiac disease, systemic sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, autoimmune uveitis and autoimmune hearing loss either lacks more studies in general or randomized clinical trials and are not likely to be treated through hMSCs administration in the near future. It is also important to determine what is the most appropriate source of hMSCs that should be applied for the treatment of each immune-related disease. The elaboration of strategies for the enhancement of the immunomodulatory properties of hMSCs is also relevant and was proposed by some of the articles selected, as previously discussed. In conclusion, despite the need for further studies, the treatment of immune-related diseases through the administration of hMSCs is progressively ceasing being only a promising possibility and becoming a reality.