Regarding the influence of the cell source in the immunomodulatory properties of hMSCs, a study conducted by Yamahara et al. (34) demonstrated that, in contrast to chorion-derived hMSCs administration, amnion-derived hMSCs administration markedly reduced T-lymphocyte proliferation and improved the pathological situation of GvHD mice though the production of PGE2 in higher quantities. In addition, a study conducted by Luz-Crawford et al. (72) demonstrated that, while the administration of menstrual blood-derived hMSCs was able to increase the survival of GvHD mice, bone marrow-derived hMSCs administration did not. In contrast, this study has also shown that only the administration of bone marrow-derived hMSCs resulted in a potent therapeutic effect in mice with collagen induced arthritis, while menstrual blood-derived hMSCs administration did not. A study conducted by Wang et al. (102), however, demonstrated that the administration of hMSCs obtained from the differentiation of embryonic stem cells exerted both preventive and therapeutic effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, while bone marrow-derived hMSCs exhibited significantly lower therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, a study by Payne et al. (128) compared the therapeutic potential of the administration hMSCs isolated from bone marrow, umbilical cord and adipose tissue for the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. This study demonstrated that the administration of adipose tissue-derived hMSCs had the most significant impact on clinical and pathological disease outcomes, while bone marrow-derived hMSCs administration resulted in a negligible effect on the disease course. Administration of umbilical cord-derived hMSCs had also a positive and significant impact in the progression of the disease. Moreover, a study conducted by Santos et al. (95) demonstrated that the administration umbilical cord-derived hMSCs can reduce paw edema in vivo more efficiently than bone marrow-derived hMSCs in an acute carrageenan-induced arthritis model. Finally, a study by Liu et al. (119) showed that the administration of the supernatant from a bone marrow-derived hMSC culture, which expressed higher level of TGF-β1, has a better therapeutic efficacy in improving the survival rate and reducing pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model when compared to umbilical cord-derived hMSCs, which secrete a lower level of TGF-β1.