References Autoimmune disease Source of hMSC Variables Experimental model Clinical effects Mechanism proposed (163) Autoimmune uveitis Bone marrow None Mice ↓Histological disease score ↑MHC class IIloLy6G−Ly6ChiCD11b+ cells in draining lymph nodes↓CD4+ cell proliferation↑CD4+ cell apoptosis↓CD4+IFN-γ+ Th1 cells↓CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells (81) Autoimmune uveitis Embryonic stem cells None Mice ↓Fundoscopic score↓Histological disease score ↓T-cell proliferation↓CD83 up-regulation in dendritic cells↓IL-12↑CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells (150) Autoimmune uveitis Bone marrow None Mice ↓Autoimmune uveitis incidence↓Histological disease score↑Cumulative survival rate of corneal grafts ↑MHC classII+B220+CD11b+IL-10+ monocytes and macrophages with T-cell–suppressive activities (151) Autoimmune hearing loss Adipose tissue None Mice ↓Auditory brainstem responses threshold↓Cochlear pathology ↓Proliferation of antigen-specific Th1 cells↓Proliferation of antigen-specific Th17 cells↑IL-10 production in splenocytes↑Generation of antigen-specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells