Autoimmune hearing loss is characterized by the presence of sensorineural, fluctuating, usually bilateral and asymmetric deafness, of progressive progression during weeks or months (220). Both the innate immunity and the adaptive immune system are involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease and are responsible for the histological changes observed in the cochlea of the patients affected with the autoimmune disease of the inner ear. These histological changes include Corti organ damage, neural degeneration, endolymphatic hydropsy, vascular stria lesion and osteogenesis, and cochlear basal loop fibrosis, endolymphatic sac fibrosis, and the presence of lymphocytes in the membranous labyrinth (221). Animal studies have shown the presence of autoantibodies and T cells against vestibulo-cochlear antigens (222). In addition, studies in humans revealed the presence of immune complexes in patients with the autoimmune disease of the inner ear (223). In only one study (151), hMSCs were used for the treatment of autoimmune disease-associated hearing loss. This study used hMSCs isolated from the adipose tissue and the mice as the experimental model. The auditory brainstem responses threshold and the cochlear morphology were the outcomes used by the study selected in this systematic review to assess the potential of hMSCs administration for the treatment of autoimmune hearing loss. Due to the fact that there were no human clinical trials among the studies selected, it was not possible to identify primary endpoints commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness of hMSCs administration for the treatment of autoimmune hearing loss in humans. However, in future clinical trials, specific endpoints such as the improvement in pure tone threshold and the improvement in speech discrimination should be used in conjunction to allow the evaluation of the effectiveness of hMSCs administration for the treatment of autoimmune hearing loss. In addition, exploratory endpoints such as the serum level of inflammatory cytokines and the proportion of inflammatory cells in the blood can be used to allow the researchers to identify what are the mechanisms responsible for the decrease in the pathological process observed after hMSCs administration. In the study selected, the administration of hMSCs improved the clinical parameters of the disease. Regarding the mechanisms of action proposed, Zhou et al. (151) demonstrated that the infusion of hMSCs decreased the proliferation of antigen-specific Th1 and Th17 cells and increased the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in splenocytes. Additionally, administration of hMSCs also induced the generation of antigen-specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells. Table 8 summarizes the results obtained in the studies selected in this systematic review regarding the methodology employed and the effects of the administration of hMSCs for the treatment of autoimmune visual and auditory disorders.