References Autoimmune disease Source of hMSC Variables Experimental model Clinical and laboratory effects Mechanism proposed (119) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Bone marrow Umbilical cord None Mice ↑Survival rates↓Pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis Effectiveness bone marrow-derived MSCs > effectiveness umbilical cord-derived MSCs ↓CD3+CD56+ NKT cells↓CD3+CD8+ T cell induction↑CD3+CD4+ T cells↑CD4+CD25+CD127(low/−)/foxp3+ Tregs↓IFN-γ↓TNF-α↓IL-6↓IL-8↓CCL2↓α-SMA activation↑TGF-β1↑CXCL10 (120) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Adipose tissue None Mice ↑Survival rates↓Ashcroft's modified score for lung fibrosis↓Lung weight↓Lung pathology↓Collagen deposition in the lungs ↓IL-2↓IL-1β↓TNF-α↓TGF-β↓bFGF↓CTGF↓COL3a1↓CoL1a1↓Matrix metalloproteinases↓Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases