In this section, we will focus our review of this large and growing body of literature on trials comparing AF ablation with alternative treatment approaches—primarily AADs—for AF, to provide support for recommendations on the role of AF ablation in various patient groups. Outcomes for specific ablation systems (CBA, rotational activity ablation, and laser balloon ablation) will also be reviewed. Studies comparing ablation techniques or lesion sets with each other are primarily discussed in Section 5: Strategies, Techniques, and Endpoints.