The patriline data corroborate the age of the sickle mutation. Given a single origin, the sickle mutation most likely arose either in a population containing both E1b1a1a1f-L485 (also known as E1b1a1a1a1c-L485) and E1b1a1a1g-U175 (also known as E1b1a1a1a2a-U175) or in a population containing their common ancestor. Thus, the time of origin of the common ancestor of these two haplogroups is a plausible upper bound on the age of the sickle mutation. The common ancestor E1b1a1a1a-M4732 arose 10,500 (95% confidence interval between 9,200 and 12,000) years ago, consistent with the upper credible interval of 11,100 years ago that we estimated for the age of the sickle mutation.