PMC:59518 / 2269-3604
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/59518","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"59518","source_url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/59518","text":"Pharyngeal muscle tone\nSuppression of pharyngeal muscle activity in sleep is critical to OSA by producing a narrower airspace that is more vulnerable to collapse on inspiration [6]. Anatomical factors that result in a narrowed upper airspace (e.g. pharyngeal fat deposition, hypertrophied adenoids and tonsils, retrognathia, micrognathia, macroglossia) predispose to OSA by reducing the critical pressure that is needed for suction collapse. Likewise, changes in respiratory control system stability and decreased lung volume in sleep may also play a role in OSA. Notwithstanding the importance of such factors in predisposing to OSA, it is important to emphasize that, regardless of the features an individual patient may have that predispose to OSA, the upper airway still remains open in wakefulness and closes only in sleep. This simplistic, yet important, observation highlights a crucial feature relevant to this review, namely that OSA is a disorder dependent on sleep mechanisms because occlusions occur only in sleep. By extension, even in individuals with structural narrowing of the upper airway, OSA is ultimately caused by the impact of brain sleep mechanisms on the processes that control motor outflow to the pharyngeal muscles, the tone of which is necessary and sufficient to keep the airspace open during wakefulness.","divisions":[{"label":"Title","span":{"begin":0,"end":22}}],"tracks":[{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"11686898-9085493-133861109","span":{"begin":178,"end":179},"obj":"9085493"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"11686898-9085493-133861109","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]},{"project":"NEUROSES","denotations":[{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":504,"end":513},"obj":"PATO_0001997"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":519,"end":525},"obj":"PATO_0000918"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":551,"end":555},"obj":"CHEBI_50906"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":783,"end":787},"obj":"PATO_0000610"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":1311,"end":1315},"obj":"PATO_0000610"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1279,"end":1289},"obj":"PATO_0001627"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":18,"end":22},"obj":"PATO_0001439"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1248,"end":1252},"obj":"PATO_0001439"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":396,"end":404},"obj":"PATO_0001025"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T31","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T32","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T33","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T34","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T35","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T36","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T28","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T29","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T30","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"2_test","color":"#ec93e6","default":true},{"id":"NEUROSES","color":"#93ecd8"}]}]}}