The median time to recurrence after the first pleural surgery (second recurrence in Scenario 1 and first recurrence in Scenario 2, see Fig. 2) was 46 months. Recurrence after complete resection (R0) with or without ChT and/or RT for TETs with pleural involvement occurred in 59 patients (51.3%). See Table 2 for type of recurrence. The mean total number of recurrences after surgery for pleural disease was 1.47 (median 1, range 1–9).