Table 2 Treatment modalities
n = 152 n (%)
Preoperative treatment
 Neoadjuvant 67/107 (62.6)
  Chemotherapy 59/67 (88.1)
  Radiotherapy 5/67 (7.5)
  Radiotherapy and chemotherapy 3/67 (4.4)
 Pseudo-neoadjuvant 15/45 (33.3)
  Chemotherapy 14/15 (93.3)
  Radiotherapy 1/15 (6.7)
  Radiotherapy and chemotherapy 0/15 (0.0)
Response to preoperative therapy
 Neoadjuvant
  Stable disease 5 (7.5)
  Partial response 48 (71.6)
  Progression 3 (3.9)
  No information 11 (16.4)
 Pseudo-neoadjuvant
  Stable disease 1 (6.6)
  Partial response 7 (46.6)
  Progression 0 (0.0)
  No information 7 (46.6)
Postoperative treatment
 Adjuvant 68/107 (63.6)
  Chemotherapy 5/68 (7.3)
  Radiotherapy 49/68 (72.1)
  Radiotherapy and chemotherapy 14/68 (20.6)
 Pseudo-adjuvant 10/45 (22.2)
  Chemotherapy 5/10 (50.0)
  Radiotherapy 4/10 (40.0)
  Radiotherapy and chemotherapy 1/10 (10.0)
Surgical approach
 Thoracotomy 61 (40.4)
 Sternotomy 65 (43.0)
 Clamshell 6 (4.0)
 Hemi-clamshell 16 (10.6)
 Video-assisted thoracic surgery 3 (2.0)
Type of pleural surgery
 Extrapleural peumonectomy 40 (26.5)
 Local pleurectomy 88 (15.2)
 Total pleurectomy 23 (58.3)
Invasion
 Lung 91 (65.9)
 Pericardium 76 (53.9)
 Pleura
  Parietalis 40 (28.2)
  Visceralis 6 (4.2)
  Diaphragmatic 11 (7.7)
  Parietal/visceral/diaphragmatic 67 (47.2)
 Diaphragm muscle 39 (27.7)
 Superior vena cava 10 (7.1)
 Thoracic wall 9 (6.4)
 Phrenic nerve 33 (23.4)
Adherence
 Lung 68 (47.6)
 Pericardium 56 (39.2)
 Diaphragmatic musculature 41 (28.7)
 Aorta 8 (5.6)
 Great vessels other than aorta 12 (8.4)
Residual tumour
 R0 116 (77.3)
 R1 17 (11.3)
 R2 17 (11.3)
Recurrencea 115 (100)
 No 56 (48.7)
 Yes 59 (51.3)
Recurrence type 59 (100)
 Local 15/59 (25.4)
 Regional 30/59 (50.8)
 Distant 9/59 (15.3)
 Regional and distant 5/59 (8.5)
a Recurrences only after R0 resection were included in the analysis.