Studies found that the Se content in soil has a significant positive correlation with longevity. In contrast, barium (Ba) and nickel (Ni) have significant negative correlations longevity, while distributions of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), lithium (Li), and iron (Fe) showed no significant correlations with longevity [16]. Of all the trace elements, Se appears most closely linked with longevity [22,23,24,25]. Food contributes a greater proportion of daily elemental intake than drinking water [26], and the Se content in food is positively correlates with the Se content in soil [27]. Because of this, we selected the Se content in soil to represent the relationship between longevity and trace elements. Soil Se can be considered as total Se (T-Se) and water-soluble (WS) Se (WS-Se). Soil WS-Se is a better indicator of environmental effects than T-Se [28]. In this study, both T-Se and WS-Se content of soil were considered. We collected background concentrations of T-Se and WS-Se from China’s Soil Environment Background Concentration Research (Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre 1990) [29] and other studies related to soil environmental background values in China [11,30]. We calculated soil T-Se and WS-Se in each city using the union and statistic tools in ArcGIS software. T-Se and WS-Se, for each city, is illustrated in Figure 7 and Figure 8.