Echocardiographic parameters were similar between the registries, with slightly less paravalvular leakage ≥2+ at 1 year in SAVI-2 (0.8% vs 4.1%) (Table 2, Fig. 2). The NYHA classification improved from 93.5% of patients in NYHA class III/IV at baseline to 13.0% at 1 year (Fig. 3, Supplementary Material, Table S2).
Figure 2: Echocardiographic parameters over time (SAVI-1 and SAVI-2). (A) Aortic valve haemodynamics, measured as mean gradient and effective orifice area (EOA), and (B) percentage of patients with paravalvular leakage. Values remained stable between early follow-up at discharge/30 days and 1 year.
Figure 3: New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification at baseline and follow-up (SAVI-1 and SAVI-2).
Table 2: Echocardiographic assessments
SAVI-1 SAVI-2 Total
n = 250 n =  250 n =  500
Baseline
  Effective orifice area [mm2] 0.71 ± 0.21 0.75 ± 0.31 0.73 ± 0.26
  Mean gradient [mmHg] 43.1 ± 17.4 42.2 ± 14.9 42.7 ± 16.2
n =  219 n =  203 n =  422
30 days Discharge/7-daysa
  Effective orifice area 1.44 ± 0.45 1.48 ± 0.43 1.45 ± 0.44
  Mean gradient [mmHg] 12.4 ± 5.8 12.5 ± 6.0 12.5 ± 5.9
  Paravalvular leak
   0: non/trace 159 (72.6) 141 (69.5) 300 (71.1)
   1+: mild 55 (25.1) 59 (29.1) 114 (27.0)
   2+: moderate 5 (2.3) 3 (1.5) 8 (1.9)
   3+: moderate/severe 0 0 0
   4+: severe 0 0 0
1 year n = 148 n = 126 n = 274
  Effective orifice area 1.51 ± 0.38 1.57 ± 0.40 1.54 ± 0.39
  Mean gradient 12.9 ± 5.3 11.1 ± 4.4 12.1 ± 5.0
  Paravalvular leak
   0: non/trace 111 (75.0) 80 (63.5) 191 (69.7)
   1+: mild 31 (20.9) 45 (35.7) 76 (27.7)
   2+: moderate 5 (3.4) 1 (0.8) 6 (2.2)
   3+: moderate/severe 1 (0.7) 0 1 (0.4)
   4+: severe 0 0 0
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). Not all measurements were available for all patients displayed,.
a whichever was earlier.