Study approval The recruitment of POI pedigree, sporadic POI patients and control women from Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Center for Reproductive Medicine Shandong University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participating subjects. All animal studies were carried out in accordance with the protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).