Gene content and gene ontology We identified genes from the Ensembl (Version 80; Cunningham et al., 2015) annotation of UMD 3.1 overlapping (both completely and partially) with detected CNVRs. Functions of protein-coding CNV genes were determined using the PANTHER classification system (Version 10.0, Mi et al., 2013). Enrichment analysis of gene function was performed using PANTHER's implementation of the binomial test of overrepresentation. Significance of gene ontology (GO) terms was assessed using the default Ensembl Bos taurus GO annotation as the reference set for the enrichment analysis, and data was considered statistically significant at a Bonferroni corrected P < 0.05.