Over-stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, one of three ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes that are expressed in inner retinal cells, by intravitreal injection of NMDA has frequently been used to model the cell death pathway that occurs in retinal diseases such as glaucoma (Danesh-Meyer, 2011). This model of excitotoxicity causes disruption of sodium-potassium balance, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress (Gomez-Vicente et al., 2015). In mice, administration of TUDCA prior to the intravitreal injection of NMDA was found to increase survival of retinal ganglion cells.