Abbreviations oVEMP Ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential cVEMP Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential ICHD-3β The International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 beta version VM Vestibular migraine EMG Electromyography nHL Normal hearing level AR Amplitude asymmetry ratio PET Positron emission tomography BOLD Blood oxygen level-dependent imaging Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions Conception and design of the experiments: JHS. Performance of experiments: CHK, MUJ, HCC, and JHS. Data analysis: CHK and JHS. Writing of the manuscript: JHS. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.