Therefore, it is possible that candidates for targets of migraine treatment may reside outside the BBB; the dural vasculature, the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and in CNS regions lacking a BBB such as pituitary and pineal glands [15] and at nerve afferents that connect to the TG. The dural vasculature, including the middle meningeal artery (MMA) has long been considered as a target based on the vasogenic theory of migraine [16, 17]. We and others have shown that both sumatriptan and telcagepant can inhibit CGRP induced vasodilation in the human MMA, illustrating one of its potential targets [18, 19]. However, not all vasodilators cause migraine and triptans are not effective in all migraine patients [20].