Analysis results of experimental data. (A) Five tests for ESM and ASM are illustrated at an axial slice (Z = 54 mm) at p = 0.05 level with the radiological convention (left is right). To demonstrate the subtle differences among the methods, the raw results are shown here without multiple testing correction applied. When family-wise error correction through Monte Carlo simulations was adopted, a minimum cluster of 140 voxels for a voxel-level significance of 0.05 led to a surviving cluster at the crosshair (Voxel 1) for XUV for ESM and XUV for ASM. For the cluster labeled with blue circles (Voxel 2), the surviving tests were AUC for ESM, AUC and β0 for ASM. (B) The power differences (p-values in blue when below 0.05) among the five tests are demonstrated at Voxels 1 and 2, whose approximate locations (left postcentral gyrus and left precuneus) are marked with the green crosshair and blue circle respectively in the axial views in (A). (C) The estimated HDRs through ESM are shown for the two conditions (first two columns) and their differences (third column) at Voxels 1 and 2. Each HDR profile spans over 11 TRs or 13.75 s. The profile patterns at Voxels 1 and 2 are shared by their neighboring voxels in their respective clusters. In addition to the statistical significance in (A) and (B), the HDR signature profiles provide an extra evidence for the associated effects at these voxels.