Analysis of the same SNPs as for the Canadian discovery sample (legend of Figure 1). The replication p values of the gene-set association analyses are permutation p = 0.0180 for the proposed joint location-scale test (JLS-Fisher) (A and B), permutation p = 0.2058 for the standard regression-based location-only test (C and D), and permutation p = 0.0077 for Levene’s scale-only test (E and F). For other details see legend of Figure 1 and Material and Methods.