Let TLocation=βˆ1/(S/Sxx) be our location-only test statistic, testing the linear effect of x on Y in a sample of size n, where S2=(1/(n−2))∑(yi−βˆ0−βˆ1xi)2, βˆ0=y¯−βˆ1x¯, βˆ1=Sxy/Sxx, Sxy=∑(xi−x¯)(yi−y¯), and Sxx=∑(xi−x¯)2 (x = G in Equation 2), and let TScale be our scale-only test statistic, here defined as Levene’s test statistic for equality of variances.14