Kalash Demographic History
(A) PSMC analysis shows a low effective population size for the Kalash.
(B) Kalash effective population size estimated from LD analysis.
(C) MSMC analysis of the time of the split between the Kalash and African genomes (YRI, LWK, and MKK) and non-African genomes from East Asia (CHB and JPT), Europe (CEU and TSI), South Asia (GIH), and America (MXL).
(D) A UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrogram shows the LD-estimated time of divergence between populations. The mean time of divergence between the Kalash and other populations from the Indian sub-continent is estimated to be 11,800 years ago (dashed red line).