Subjects with migraine showed an increased RLS prevalence in the 19–29 (Odds ratio [OR] = 6.6, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.2–36.8) and 40–49 (OR = 6.7, 95 % CI = 1.5–33.5) age groups compared to non-headache controls but failed to showed a significant association in the 50–59 (OR = 1.1, 95 % CI = 0.2–5.6) and 60–69 (OR = 0.4, 95 % CI = 0.1–4.0) age groups. Migraineurs with 1–10 (12.5 %, OR = 2.0, 95 % CI = 1.3–3.2, p = 0.003) and >10 (12.5 %, OR = 2.5, 95 % CI = 1.0–5.6, p = 0.038) attacks per month showed an increased RLS prevalence compared to migraineurs with <1 attack per month (2.1 %). Subjects with non-migraine headaches showed an increased odds for RLS (OR = 1.8, 95 % CI = 1.3–2.7) compared to non-headache controls. There was no significant difference (9.1 % vs. 6.9 %, p = 0.339) in the RLS prevalence between migraineurs and non-migraine headache subjects.