Previous studies regarding the association between non-migraine headaches and RLS has been reported in clinic-based setting [23, 47–51]. Some studies reported positive results regarding the association between non-migraine headaches and RLS but other studies reported negative results. Our study firstly investigated the association between non-migraine headaches and RLS in a population-based setting and found a positive result. A recent population-based study reported a positive association between RLS and multi-site body pain [52]. Further population-based studies regarding the association between non-migraine headaches and RLS would be needed to verify the association between non-migraine headaches and RLS.