The key findings of the present study are as follows: 1) the prevalence of migraine and RLS in the Korean population were both 5.3 %; 2) RLS was more prevalent in migraineurs and subjects with non-migraine headaches when compared to non-headache control subjects in the 19–49 age groups but not in the 50–69 age groups; 3) the RLS prevalence was higher among migraineurs with >1 headache attacks per month compared to migraineurs with ≤1 headache attacks per month.