where cost = dist(s[i], t[j]), D is a matrix of size [0..n, 0..m], D[0, 0] = 0. Initially each entry of D[i, 0], for 0 <i ≤ n, and D[0, j], for 0 <j ≤ m, are set to infinity, i.e. a larger value which cannot be part of the data sequences. Here s[1..n] and t[1..m] are the two time series representing protein phosphorylation levels over time points to be compared, whereas s[i] and t[j] represents the data at time points i and j respectively. For any two numbers s[i] and t[j], dist(s[i], t[j]) represents the distance between the numbers, e.g. dist(s[i], t[j]) = |s[i] −t[j]|. The objective function aims to measure the goodness of fit between the simulation data and real data.