Fig. 4  Nimbolide shows an important role in cancer prevention via inhibition of cell survival, cell cycle progression, invasion, migration and induction of apoptosis. The diverse molecular targets influenced by nimbolide include the growth factors and their receptor, signaling molecules, transcription factors, protein kinases, enzymes and genes regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Red down arrow indicates that these molecules are down-regulated by nimbolide, whereas, green up arrow indicate that these molecules are up-regulated by nimbolide. Bad, Bcl-2-associated death promoter; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2, B cell lymphoma 2; Bcl-xL, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large; DR-5, death receptor-5; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase; FADD, Fas-associated death domain; FasL, Fatty acid synthase ligand; ICAM, Intercellular adhesion molecule; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IGFBP-3, IGF-binding protein 3; IKK, IkB kinase; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; MCL-1, myeloid cell leukemia 1; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; PARP, poly(ADP) ribose polymerase; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PTEN, phosphatase tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10; Rb, retinoblastoma; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase; TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor apoptosis inducing ligand; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; uPA, urokinase plasminogen antigen; uPAR, urokinase plasminogen antigen receptor.