Abbreviations CWF: Cell wall fragments; DC: Dendritic cell; DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium; EHEC: Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli; ETEC: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; F-12: F-12 Nutrient Mixture; FCS: Fetal calf serum; GuHCl: Guanidine hydrochloride; HEPES: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid; moDC: Monocyte-derived dendritic cell; MOI: Multiplicity of infection; MRS: de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; PMSF: Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; S-layer: Surface layer; Slp: Surface layer protein.