Immediately after the body composition tests, subjects underwent three physical performance tests in the following order: 6-min walk test (6-MWT), sit-to-stand test, and stair-climbing test. The 6-MWT measured the distance (meters) that participants walked back and forth along an 80-ft (24.4 m) horizontal corridor during a 6-min period of time while they were repetitively encouraged to walk fast. Using a standard 6-MWT protocol, participants were encouraged to walk fast using the following phrases for consistency: “You’re doing well,” “Keep up the good work.” “Good work,” “You have …… minutes to go,” and “You have only …… minutes left.” Study subjects could slow down, rest, or even stop walking if they wished, but the 6-min timer kept running. In the sit-to-stand test, participants rose from a fully seated position to full standing and then returned to the starting fully seated position as frequently as possible, with encouragement, during a 30-s period. This test measured the number of sit-to-stand cycles completed during 30 s. The stair-climbing test measured the time (seconds) for participants to climb 22 steps as fast as possible, again with encouragement, without running, jumping, or skipping steps. The 6-MWT was performed once; the sit-to-stand and stair-climb tests were each performed twice at 5-min intervals, and the better of the two scores was selected for analysis. Participants underwent these physical performance tests after they received a detailed explanation and demonstration of each test by a trained examiner.