To examine left-right patterning in flanders mutants and ccdc151 morphants, expression of the nodal gene southpaw (spaw) and the positioning of the visceral organs (heart, liver, and pancreas) were examined (Figure S3). Whereas wild-type siblings express spaw in the left lateral plate mesoderm and display situs solitus, flanders mutant embryos and ccdc151 morphants show randomization of spaw expression, situs inversus, and heterotaxic organ placement (Figures 2E, 2F, and S3). To explore the effect in flanders mutants and ccdc151 morphants on ciliary motility, cilia were imaged using high-speed videomicroscopy in the KV and developing kidney. In flanders mutants, cilia in the KV moved irregularly, occasionally switching direction, or were static (Movies S1 and S2). In the pronephric tubules, ciliary motility appeared less affected because cilia were able to bundle and beat regularly; however, the mutant cilia beat with significantly reduced beat frequency compared to those in unaffected sibling embryos (Figures 2G and S2; Movies S3 and S4). TEM ultrastructural analysis of pronephric cilia from flanders mutants revealed a loss of the ciliary outer dynein arms (Figure 2H).