(C) Conservation scores and allele frequency predict genes with a larger effect in the family than in the population. We restricted to variants within <100 kb of the TSS, within ENCODE TF binding and DNase I hypersensitivity peaks, and with different PhyloP thresholds. Proportions were computed by π1 statistics on permutation-based p values of family effect larger than population effect. We observed that rare and highly conserved variants overlapping epigenomic data (light blue) were highly predictive of a larger effect in the family than in the population.