Given the complications associated with untreated CD, it is crucial that patients receive appropriate post-surgical follow-up so that recurrence is identified and treated as early as possible. However, despite this urgency there is little published information on systematic post-surgical patient monitoring and no standardized guidelines for follow-up evaluation have been established. Moreover, patients may ultimately seek care in a wide variety of primary care and specialist settings, particularly as remission time increases, thereby necessitating a wider understanding of CD sequelae and the importance of lifelong monitoring to detect any early signs of recurrence across multiple disciplines. The aims of this review are to provide a critical overview of reported short- and long-term outcomes following surgical treatment of CD, and to propose a practical algorithm for monitoring post-surgical patients in order to detect and treat recurrence swiftly.