This study showed that rhBMP-2 can be released slowly from a composite of β-TCP microspheres and a hyaluronic acid-based powder-like hydrogel. When the composite is used as a carrier for rhBMP-2 and injected together with a dental implant in a rabbit tibia, it significantly increased the formation of new bone within the implant pitch in the marrow space and strengthened osseointegration of the implant.