For the newly formed bone, the percent bone volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number were significantly higher in the BMP-2 group than in the implant group (Table 1). Trabecular separation and the trabecular pattern factor were significantly lower, indicating that the quantity and the quality of the formed bone were improved in the BMP-2 group in comparison to the implant group.
Table 1 Micro-CT results at 4 weeks after the implantation. The BMP-2 group showed significantly higher percent bone volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness than the Implant group
Group (n) BV/TV BS/BV Tb.Pf Tb.Th Tb.N Tb.Sp
Average (std)
Implant group (30) 5.6 (1.4) 171.6 (21.0) 19.4 (7.4) 0.034 (0.007) 1.64 (0.27) 0.20 (0.04)
Hydrogel group (30) 6.7 (3.2) 167.2 (24.2) 19.4 (9.5) 0.035 (0.006) 1.89 (0.60) 0.18 (0.05)
BMP-2 group (30) 10.4 (5.3) 146.0 (32.6) 9.4 (13.5) 0.042 (0.009) 2.39 (0.85) 0.16 (0.04)
P value <0.0001 0.0006 0.0007 0.0002 <0.0001 0.002
P-value: Implant group and BMP-2 group
BV/TV Bone Volume/Trabecular Volume, percent bone volume
BS/BV Bone Surface/Bone Volume ratio, specific surface
Tb.Pf Trabecular Pattern factor
Tb.Th Trabecular Thickness
Tb.N Trabecular Number
Tb.Sp Trabecular Separation