Anxiety
The prevalence of anxiety among IA patients was 23.3% (95% CI: 14.8-34.8, z = - 4.156, df = 3, τ2 = 0.27, I2 = 84.37). The prevalence of anxiety among the normal controls was 10.3% (95% CI: 5.0–19.9, z = -5.47, df = 3, τ2 = 0.59, I2 = 97.9). Figure 4 demonstrates the result of four studies which compared the prevalence of anxiety symptoms between patients with IA and controls. The proportion of patients with anxiety symptoms was significantly higher in the IA group than in the control group (pooled OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.46-4.97, z = 3.18, P = 0.001). There was a high level of between-study heterogeneity (τ2 = 0.293; Q = 16.0, df = 3, P = 0.001, I2 = 81.2).