Table 4 List of metabolites identified in human urine extracts by GC-MS (except volatile compounds). Amino acids HMDB ID Organic acids HMDB ID Beta-Alaninea HMDB00056 Azelaic acidb HMDB00784 Glycinea HMDB00123 Benzoic acidb HMDB01870 L-Alaninea HMDB00161 Butyric acida HMDB00039 L-Asparaginea HMDB00168 Cis-Aconitic acida,b HMDB00072 L-Aspartic acida HMDB00191 Citraconic acidb HMDB00634 L-Glutaminea HMDB00641 Citramalic acidb HMDB00426 L-Histidinea HMDB00177 Citric acida HMDB00094 L-Isoleucinea HMDB00172 Erythronic acida HMDB00613 L-Leucinea HMDB00687 Ethylmalonic acidb HMDB00622 L-Lysinea HMDB00182 Gluconic acida HMDB00625 L-Ornithinea HMDB00214 Glutaric acidb HMDB00661 L-Phenylalaninea HMDB00159 Glyceric acida HMDB00139 L-Serinea HMDB00187 Glycolic acida,b HMDB00115 L-Threoninea HMDB00167 Glyoxalic acida HMDB00119 L-Tryptophana HMDB00929 Hippuric acida,b HMDB00714 L-Tyrosinea HMDB00158 Homovanillic acidb HMDB00118 L-Valinea HMDB00883 HPHPAb HMDB02643 Bile acids HMDB ID Hydroxypropionic acidb HMDB00700 Cholenic acidc HMDB00308 Indoleacetic acidb HMDB00197 Deoxycholic acidc HMDB00626 Indolelactic acid b HMDB00671 Lithocholic acidc HMDB00761 Isobutyrylglycineb HMDB00730 Ursodeoxycholic acidc HMDB00946 Isocitric acida HMDB00193 Misc HMDB ID Isovalerylglycineb HMDB00678 3-Methylhistidinea HMDB00479 Kynurenic acidb HMDB00715 5-Hydroxyindoleb HMDB59805 Levulinic acidb HMDB00720 Creatininea HMDB00562 L-Lactic acidb HMDB00190 Dimethylglycinea HMDB00092 Malic acida HMDB00744 D-Xylitola HMDB02917 Malonic acida,b HMDB00691 Glycerol 3-phosphatea HMDB00126 m-Chlorobenzoic acidb HMDB01544 Glycerola HMDB00131 m-Coumaric acidb HMDB01713 Mannitola HMDB00765 Methylmalonic acidb HMDB00202 Myoinositola HMDB00211 Methylsuccinic acidb HMDB01844 Pseudouridinea HMDB00767 o-Hydroxyhippuric acidb HMDB00840 Scyllitola HMDB06088 o-Hydroxyphenylacetic acidb HMDB00669 Sorbitola HMDB00247 Oleic acidb HMDB00207 Ureaa HMDB00294 Oxalic acida HMDB02329 Organic acids HMDB ID Oxoglutaric acidb HMDB00208 2,4-Dihydroxybutanoic acida HMDB00360 Palmitic acidb HMDB00220 2-Ethylhydracrylic acidb HMDB00396 Pantothenic acidb HMDB00210 2-Furoylglycineb HMDB00439 Phosphoric acidb HMDB02142 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acidb HMDB01987 p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acida HMDB00020 2-Hydroxyglutaric acida HMDB00694 Pimelic acidb HMDB00857 2-Hydroxyvaleric acida HMDB01863 Pyroglutamic acida,b HMDB00267 2-Ketobutyric acidb HMDB00005 Pyruvic acidb HMDB00243 2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acidb HMDB00354 Quinolinic acidb HMDB00232 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acidb HMDB01336 Stearic acidb HMDB00827 3,4-Dihydroxybutanoic acida,b HMDB00337 Suberic acidb HMDB00893 3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acidb HMDB00423 Succinic acida,b HMDB00254 3-Aminoisobutanoic acida,b HMDB03911 Sumiki’s acidb HMDB02432 3-Hydroxyhippuric acidb HMDB06116 Tartaric acida HMDB00956 3-Hydroxyisobutyric acida HMDB00023 Threonic acida HMDB00943 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acida,b HMDB00754 Trans-Aconitic acida HMDB00958 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acidb HMDB00355 Trans-Ferulic acidb HMDB00954 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acidb HMDB00440 Uric acida HMDB00289 3-Hydroxysebacic acidb HMDB00350 Vanillyllactic acidb HMDB00913 3-Methyladipic acidb HMDB00555 Vanillylmandelic acidb HMDB00291 3-Methylglutaconic acidb HMDB00522 Sugars HMDB ID 4-Deoxythreonic acida,b HMDB02453 D-Fructosea HMDB00660 4-Hydroxybenzoic acidb HMDB00500 D-Galactosea HMDB00143 4-Hydroxyphenyllactic acidb HMDB00755 D-Glucosea HMDB00122 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acidb HMDB00525 D-Xylosea HMDB00098 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acidb HMDB00763 D-Xylulosea HMDB01644 Adipic acida,b HMDB00448 L-Arabinosea HMDB00646 Alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acidb HMDB00729 L-Fucosea HMDB00174 Aminomalonic acida HMDB01147 Sucrosea HMDB00258 Ascorbic acida HMDB00044 a Polar metabolites. b Targeted organic acids. c Targeted bile acids. HPHPA: 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.