Behavior All behavioral tests were performed on HAB and NAB mice 1 h after completion of NAcb-DBS or NAcb-sham. The FST and tail suspension test (TST) were used to assess depression-like behavior (for a review see Cryan and Mombereau, 2004; Cryan et al, 2005). Anxiety-related behavior was investigated using the novelty-suppressed feeding paradigm, while general locomotor activity was measured in the open field. All behavioral tests were performed according to previous protocols established in our laboratory (Sartori et al, 2012; Whittle et al, 2011), details of which are provided in the Supplementary Information.