When the cultures were co-infected with MTb, p24 levels increased when the cells were infected with either the wild-type or, to lower levels, with the κB-I mutant virus (Figure 5B). However, p24 levels were significantly inhibited in cells infected with HIV-1Lai/Bal-env -N5-Mut (p<0.01) (Figure 5D). Moreover, p24 levels were significantly lower at day 12 in cultures infected with HIV-1Lai/Bal-env-κB II-Mut and HIV-1Lai/Bal-env-κB I+II-Mut as compared to infection of cells with wild-type virus (Figure 5D). Notably, although replication of the mutant virus with the single, proximal NF-κB binding site mutation in the shared NFAT5/NF-κB element (HIV-1Lai/Bal-env-κB I-Mut) was diminished, this was not significant at day 12 (Figures 5B–5D).