10.1371/journal.pone.0028081.g001 Figure 1  M-CSF induces NF-κB transcriptional activity in macrophages.
(A) Nuclei were extracted from human MDMs treated without or with M-CSF for 15 or 30 minutes. NF-κB DNA binding activity was analyzed by EMSA Shown is a representative blot from three independent experiments. NS: non-stimulated. (B) Human MDMs transiently transfected with pTAL-SEAP or pNF-κB-SEAP constructs were treated with M-CSF in X-vivo medium and incubated for 6 hours before the collection of medium. NF-κB activity was analyzed by measuring the amount of SEAP secreted into the medium and data are expressed as fold increase of SEAP activity over that in pTAL-SEAP transfected resting cells. (C) RAW 264.7 cells were transiently transfected with pTAL-SEAP or pNF-κB-SEAP construct. Cells were serum starved for 4 hours prior to 2 hours stimulation with mouse recombinant M-CSF (100 ng/ml). Culture media was collected to measure SEAP production. Data are expressed mean ± S.E.M, for three independent experiments.