Table 1  Some Mitochondrial Associated Cell Death Proteins.
Protein  Function
Bcl-2*  Anti-apoptotic, blocks Bax/Bak channel formation
Bcl-XL  Anti-apoptotic, blocks Bax/Bak channel formation
Bax*  Pro-apoptotic, forms pores for cytochrome c release
Bak*  Pro-apoptotic, forms pores for cytochrome c release
Bad  Pro-apoptotic, decoy for Bcl-2/Bcl-XL promoting Bax/Bak pore formation
Bid  Pro-apoptotic, decoy for Bcl-2/Bcl-XL promoting Bax/Bak pore formation
Noxa  Pro-apoptotic, decoy for Bcl-2/Bcl-XL promoting Bax/Bak pore formation
Puma  Pro-apoptotic, decoy for Bcl-2/Bcl-XL promoting Bax/Bak pore formation
p53*  Antagonizes activity of Bcl-2/Bcl-XL, promotes Bax/Bak oligomerization
Cytochrome c  Activator of apoptosome
Smac/DIABLO  IAP inhibitor
AIF  Antioxidant flavoprotein/released from mitochondria to promote nuclear DNA fragmentation
Endonuclease G  Released from mitochondria to promote nuclear DNA fragmentation
HtrA2/Omi  IAP inhibitor
VDAC  mPTP component in outer mitochondrial membrane
ANT+  mPTP component in inner mitochondrial membrane
Cyclophilin D+  mPTP component in mitochondrial matrix
TSPO (peripheral benzodiazepine receptor)  Modulator of mPTP
Hexokinase  Modulator of VDAC
* Changes have been reported in human ALS (see below)
+ A reported target of oxidative modification in mouse ALS (see below)