But, control demands are not identical across contexts, nor is control processing likely to be linked to one neural module. Even a unique link to PFC would be an oversimplification; across humans and other great apes the PFC constitutes approximately one-third of the brain, by volume (Semendeferi et al., 2002). Accordingly, a core theme of cognitive neuroscience research has been to parse PFC according to distinct sub-regions’ contributions to control of behavior. Considerable evidence now supports the idea that, within lateral PFC, more posterior regions contribute to the control of action in an immediate temporal context, while more anterior regions support more abstract, integrative, and planning-oriented processes (Koechlin et al., 2003; Badre and D'Esposito, 2007). Recent work has extended this posterior-to-anterior organization to dorsomedial PFC (Kouneiher et al., 2009; Venkatraman et al., 2009b), which has often been implicated in processes related to reward evaluation.