Self-control is a common construct in decision research, both in interpretations of real-world behavior (Thaler and Shefrin, 1981; Baumeister et al., 2007) and in explanations of neuroscience results (Hare et al., 2009). Social psychology researchers have operationalized self-control as the ability to pursue long-term goals instead of immediate rewards. Cognitive psychology and neuroscience researchers often adopt a broader perspective: control processes shape our thoughts and actions in a goal-directed and context-dependent manner. Prior cognitive neuroscience research has linked control processing to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), specifically lateral PFC, which is assumed to modulate processing in other parts of the brain based on current goals (Miller and Cohen, 2001). Decision neuroscience studies have argued that lateral PFC exerts an influence upon regions involved in the construction of value signals (Barraclough et al., 2004; McClure et al., 2004b; Plassmann et al., 2007), potentially leading to the adaptive behaviors (e.g., delay of gratification) considered by social psychology research (Figner et al., 2010).