Table 1 Challenges for decision neuroscience. THEORETICAL CHALLENGES 1. Deconstructing the dual-systems mindset 2. Describing neural mechanisms of self-control processes 3. Establishing a general framework for temporal discounting 4. Distinguishing forms of uncertainty CONCEPTUAL CHALLENGES 5. Reconciling the conceptual frameworks of decision and cognitive (neuro)science 6. Determining the neural basis for meta-decision processes 7. Moving from single traits to composite factors 8. Using state effects to build convergent models 9. Identifying domain specificity in decision mechanisms EMPIRICAL CHALLENGE 10. Generalizing to choices outside the laboratory