Although diagnostic X-ray examinations provide great benefits, their use involves the potential risk of carcinogenesis. Estimation of cancer risks associated with the radiation exposure from diagnostic X-rays is possible by using radiation dose data and appropriate risk coefficients provided by scientific committees. Risk estimation is based on the linear no-threshold (LNT) model. LNT presupposes that there is a linear relationship between radiation dose and health risk at all dose levels. The risk estimate based on the LNT model is a useful tool not only for justification of medical exposures but also for comparison with other risks. The Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation Committee VII (BEIR VII) recently estimated sex- and age-specific risk factors attributable to radiation [57]. Of note, however, is that patient and occupational effective doses from techniques used in clinical practice for evaluation of bone status and potential radiogenic risks are very small compared with the expected benefits [58].